对城市地震科普知识宣传方法与效果的调查与分析     

安心灵  弋学辉 《四川地震》1993,(1)

本文以绵阳市为例,采用随机抽样的方式对3500余名城市不同层次的人员进行问卷调查,还对目前地方地震机构普遍采用的地震科普知识宣传方法进行了社会检验,综合评判与分析。指出了当前地震宣传工作与社会需求之间的偏差,提出了城市地震科普知识宣传的最佳方法和较好组合模式,以实现目前在人、财、物力十分有限的情况下,发挥最佳经济和社会效益。  相似文献   

Grab sampling for the determination of sulfur dioxide and dimethyl sulfide in air by isotope dilution gas chromatography/mass spectrometry     

Byron W. Blomquist  Alan R. Bandy  Donald C. Thornton  Shaoming Chen 《Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry》1993,16(1):23-30

Developments allowing the direct determination of sulfur dioxide and dimethyl sulfide in grab samples by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry with isotopically labeled standards (GC/MS/ILS) are reported. Isotopomers of DMS and SO₂ are used as internal standards. Spiked air samples are dried to a dew point of <–60 °C and trapped cryogenically in loops of Teflon tubing. Sealed samples are transported to the laboratory under liquid nitrogen and later subjected to GC/MS analysis. Holding times of up to one month do not result in significant sample loss. For samples collected in a clean marine environment, concentrations of SO₂ and DMS greater than 5 and 8 pptv, respectively, are significantly different from blanks at the 95% confidence level. Average measurement precision derived from a propagation of errors are 9% for SO₂ and 42% for DMS at concentrations from 5–15 pptv.Improvements are outlined which should provide sensitivity and precision comparable to that of on-site GC/MS. The technique will allow increased flexibility for the determination of trace sulfur species in the field under conditions where deployment of a mass spectrometer is not possible.  相似文献   

Automated water sampling in ephemeral hydrological systems     

B. J. Vivian  J. N. Quinton 《地球表面变化过程与地形》1993,18(9):863-868

A wide variety of sampling programmes may now be considered practical with the recent developments in data logger and water sampler technology. In ephemeral systems the water sampler remains idle for long periods between events. Two approaches are described which overcome the problems of sampling in ephemeral systems: short interval time dependent sampling (TDS) and automated flow proportional sampling (FPS). Both approaches utilize the data logger's ability to perform intermediate operations on incoming data to control the initiation of water sampling. The logger programs are described and allow many recorder/water sampler units to be controlled from one device. The relative merits of the two approaches are discussed in terms of experimental requirements and data precision.  相似文献   

钻探工艺,取土方法与取土器结构对勘探质量和不扰动土样取土质量的影响     

乌孟庄 《上海国土资源》1990,(4):48-54

本文通过对比试验和生产实践的总结,分析了钻探工艺、取土方法和取土器结构对勘探质量和不扰动土样取土质量的影响,并提出了保证勘探、原状取土、标准贯入试验质量的一些具体设想和方法。  相似文献   

Analysis of trace oxygenated hydrocarbons in the environment     

David Pierotti 《Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry》1990,10(4):373-382

A technique has been developed which can measure low-molecular-weight (C₂–C₅) oxygenated hydrocarbons down to concentrations of less than 10 parts per trillion (10^-12) in the atmosphere. The method uses cryogenic trapping of trace gases from the air, and two-dimensional gas chromatography (2DGC) with flame ionization and photo-ionization detectors to analyze the samples. The method has been used to make extensive measurements in the field, and it is capable of measuring all of the C₂–C₅ carbonyl compounds in clean tropospheric air. The 2DGC analytical system also makes it possible to prepare accurate, reproducible standards of the low-molecular-weight oxygenated hydrocarbons at trace levels.  相似文献   

Not a “forever model”: the curious case of graduation in Housing First     

Jalene T. Anderson-Baron 《Urban geography》2018,39(4):587-605

This article investigates how Housing First (HF) is practiced in Alberta, Canada, with a focus on the concept of graduation. The dominant HF model, Pathways, holds that client support should be time-unlimited. However, HF is highly mobile and increasingly characterized by ambiguity and drift away from Pathways principles. In Alberta, one prominent example of drift is the notion that clients can and should graduate – that is, “exit” HF programs after a certain time. Interviews conducted with 45 participants in three Alberta cities in 2014–15 revealed commonplace, but contested, graduation practices. Interviewees noted that graduation can be necessary to make room for new clients, and may be expected and encouraged by coordinating organizations. They expressed varied concerns about graduation, and the negative influence it could have on client relationships and housing stability. In particular, they emphasized clients’ ongoing dependence on rental subsidies, and the risk of relapse into homelessness.  相似文献   

中国大陆地区TanDEM-X 90 m DEM误差空间分布特征     

李文梁  汪驰升  朱武 《地球信息科学学报》2020,22(12):2277-2288

TanDEM-X 90 m 数字高程模型（DEM）在其原始雷达影像的采集与DEM产品生产过程中,坡度、坡向和地表覆盖物等 因素都会对误差产生一定的影响。为了便于该数据更好地为各领域的研究提供服务,本文以整个中国大陆为研究区域,运用ICESat/GLA14数据对该区域的TanDEM-X 90 m DEM对应位置的高程数据进行提取统计,对比分析了我国陆地区域 TanDEM-X DEM数据与GLA14高程点数据的整体误差精度,并提取坡度、坡向地形因子,研究TanDEM-X 90 m DEM误差在不同坡度、不同坡向以及不同地表覆盖物影响下的分布规律。结果表明：① TanDEM-X 90 m DEM在中国区域整体的绝对误差均值为3.89 m,中误差为9.03 m,标准差为8.85 m; ② 受地形因子的影响,在坡度<3°时,绝对误差均值仅为1.29 m,标准差为2.84 m; 在坡度>25°时,绝对误差均值20 m以上,标准差也达到30 m左右,即误差随着坡度的上升逐渐增大;③ 坡向对误差也有一定影响,在南北方向的绝对误差均值明显比东西方向小;④ 受地表覆盖物影响较大,在荒地误差最小,绝对误差均值仅为 1.85 m,但在冰川积雪区绝对误差均值达到12.68 m。通过与无人机获取的等高线及剖面图对比分析发现,TanDEM-X 90 m DEM能较好地反映真实地形情况。最后,根据不同影响因素的权值,绘制全国范围的TanDEM-X 90 m DEM误差绝对值分布图,且验证了可靠性。  相似文献   

水力反循环连续取心(样)钻探在浅海砂矿勘查中的应用   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

张永勤  孙建华  刘秀美  王汉宝  郑志昌  梁开 《探矿工程》2008,35(6):15-18

概述了水力反循环(HRC—Hydraulic Reverse Circulation)连续取心钻探技术首次在我国海南砂矿勘查取心(样)钻探施工过程及取得的效果;总结了海上砂矿取心(样)钻探施工的经验。该技术的成功应用,为国内外开展海洋区域地质、海洋环境地质、海洋工程地质调查等钻探取心(样)施工提供了一种全新、高效实用的技术方法。  相似文献   

遥感影像预分类精度对地物面积空间抽样估算的敏感性分析   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2  

贾斌  朱文泉  潘耀忠  宋国宝  胡潭高 《遥感学报》2008,12(6)

传统的地物面积测量受精度和效率制约,为此引入了结合遥感影像的空间分层抽样方法.首先以遥感影像的预分类结果作为模拟地物的真实分布,在地物外沿等概率随机添加不同比例的错分像元,从而获得准真实地物区的摸拟预分类结果,并依此设定各层等比例取样的样本人层标志,指导地物样本的选取,然后以抽中样本地物的准真实值之和按比例推算出总量.通过比较分析各水平含量的地物类别、不同预分类精度、层内随机和系统抽样下的多次总量估计精度及其稳定性变化情况,结果表明:该方法不需要背景数据库等先验知识,在预分类达到一定精度之上时,依分类区域设立层标志的分层抽样方法所获得的总量估计精度及标准差均好于无分类支持的随机和系统抽样;当预分类精度达到50%以上时,具有较高的成本效率比,其中在60%时,各类地物在0.5%抽样率、95%的置信度下可以保证估计量精度在92%以上.  相似文献   

基于局部约束的建筑物屋顶点云平面分割方法     

张宏伟  姜超  张保明  郭海涛 《测绘科学技术学报》2017,34(3)

建筑物屋顶面点云分割结果的好坏对建筑物三维模型重建起着重要的作用。针对传统RANSAC算法建筑物屋顶面点云的分割问题,提出了一种基于局部约束的建筑物点云平面分割方法。利用点云局部曲面法向约束构建法向准则,利用半径约束的点云空间聚类的方法对共面屋顶面点云进行分解,从而抑制"伪屋顶面"的产生;利用局部抽样策略降低算法的迭代次数,减少运算量。实验表明该方法能够获得稳定可靠的建筑物屋顶点云分割结果,将有利于后续的建筑物三维模型重建。  相似文献